Tuesday, 27 November 2018

Newspapers: The i newspaper and website case study

1) What are the front page stories on the 21 September edition of the i?
The front page stories on the 21 September edition of the i are: The Salzburg Disaster, The future of Iraq, Fashion trends for 2019, UK plan to save species, Aubameyang at the double in Arsenal win, An octopus takes ecstasy, How Britain's climate is changing?, police end 3 year manhunt, Emma Stone on her Netflix show, Christine and the queens album and I hate the word rebellion.  

2) From your analysis in class, what other stories and topics are covered in this edition of the i? You should address the following pages:

  • Page 2
On this page, it is talking about how 17-24 years old want to drive but it is quite dangerous at the same time due to their age. 
  • Page 3
On page 3 there is a man named Adam Sherwin who is a gay speaker who is very influential in what he says. There is also a letter on the page which references classical music and Brexit.
  • Pages 5
On page 5 they are talking about the amount of money that is spent on animals and animal projects which save them. There is also some debates that take place about fake news.
  • Page 6-7
This page is about the Salzburg disaster. It tries to be balanced but is anti-Brexit. Leading Brexiters - European view on Brexit and there are some french quotes from the French President. The news tries to give a balanced perspective.  
  • Pages 11
This page is about the Royal Family story. It is surprising that it is not near the front. This article is quite small and only has 2 pages and 2 blocks of text. Also on this page there is an article about student fees.
  • Page 15
On page 15 there is an article about the mercury prize. There is another article about Alexa technology which is about the speaking device that Amazon had invented. Also the term "views-paper" is mentioned which is referring to 12 publications.
  • Page 16
On page 16 there are overviews and opinion from other newspapers. There is a section an important person who has died that week. There is a quote of the day section. And all of the newspapers that give their opinion are from all different countries to show the i as a centralised paper.
  • Page 18
On page 18 there are letters that are written from people who read the i. The letters are about their opinions on the latest edition of the i and what they think of some of the stories in the paper and the news that is taking place. around the world 

3) Media language: Write an analysis of the construction of the i front page: Page design, font, text, images, conventions, hard news/soft news, news values etc.
In terms of the construction of the front page it has a bar-code and a price on it. The price of the newspaper is 60p. The main story on the cover is about Brexit. There are also references to other pages to create enigma codes. There is an advertisement at the bottom which is about dream destinations with British Airways. The headline of the stories are short and straight to the point. There is a combination of hard and soft news on the front page. The front page is structured like a website. The logo is on the left hand side of the page. There a pictures with captions underneath. All the news is layed out in boxes just like the website. There is a combination of red, black and grey fonts used.


4) Narrative: How is narrative used in this edition of the i? Look at the selection of news: is there an ongoing narrative? How is narrative created by the paper to engage an audience?
The way that narrative is used in this edition of the i is that there is an ongoing narrative. The story and the main headline of the newspaper is about Brexit. Brexit is a topic that will be talked about for a long time because it is the future of the UK in terms of if they will leave the EU or not. The pictures are creating narrative because they are colourful and attracting the audience to make the readers want to tread it. Also, the title of the story is quite short so it makes people want to read on to see what the story is about.

5) Representations: Are any stereotypes reinforced? Is the audience positioned to respond to the stories in a certain way? What contrasts can you find with the Daily Mail here?
There were some stereotypes that were subverted. For example there was a speaker who was gay was very influential in his speech. And people accept that in today's society. Some stereotypes are reinforced such as the main headline only had white people on it. Some of these stereotypes compared to the Daily Mail is very different and has changed due to owners changing. 




The i: introductory reading

Look at the following articles to give you the background on the i newspaper:

BBC News website: Independent launches new 20p newspaper called i
Campaign magazine: Independent to launch first quality daily newspaper for 25 years
BBC News website: Johnston Press to buy i newspaper for £24m




The i launch campaign and success

Read this Marketing Society case study on the launch of the i newspaper and answer the following questions:

1) What was the research that led to the launch of the i newspaper?
The research that led to the launch of the i newspaper was Despite the newspaper market’s widely reported decline, The Independent held an unshakable belief in consumer desire for quality print news. Under the new ownership of the Lebedevs, it took the bold decision to launch into this market a new, paid-for newspaper designed around evolving consumer needs. Research had shown that there was a strong desire for quality information in the print newspaper format but that consumers were increasingly time poor. i, the UK's first quality daily newspaper to hit newsstands in almost 25 years, went on sale on Tuesday 26 October 2010.

2) How did i target readers and lapsed readers of quality newspapers?
i targeted readers and lapsed readers of quality newspapers, combining strong design with high quality content and opinion in a manageable size at the right price. It was designed to grow the market rather than cannibalise it.


3) What was the target audience and why was this attractive to advertisers?
Targeting a professional ABC1 audience, it was an attractive proposition for advertisers because they were the ones interested in the newspaper.


4) What were the statistics that proved the i newspaper was a success - and that it hadn't 'cannibalised' (taken readers from) other newspapers?
The distribution drive was evident as The Independent teams visited 12,000 retail outlets. It was also backed by a strategic PR campaign that targeted all key broadcasters to ensure rolling news and feature coverage for the first 48 hours of launch. The second phase of launch activity involved a significant marketing push involving TV, print and digital. The results are clear to see. By the end of 2011 i was the fastest growing daliy with a circulation of 170,436 and little cannibalization of The Independent.


5) What was the background to the i newspaper's launch?

The newspaper market has been experiencing a decline both on a national and global scale for over twenty years. In the UK alone, the market slumped 21% between 2007 and 2009. Countless online news sources and the dramatic rise of freesheets, such as The Metro, have added to what was always an intense competition for readership.

6) What were the objectives for the i newspaper launch?
The launch of a national newspaper is a huge undertaking, and The Independent had aggressive targets for its new title. i would only be deemed a success if it achieved the following objectives:  Reach a circulation figure of 150,000  Avoid cannibalisation of The Independent 182,412 at i launch  Reach a combined Independent and i average circulation figure of 340,000  Increase ad revenue growth for the business and achieve majority ad volume in the quality marketplace.


7) The Independent saw an opportunity in the print newspaper market. How did potential i readers view other newspapers and what product did they want?
The UK newspaper market had failed to adapt optimally to changes in news consumption habits and The Independent saw a big opportunity. Yet, research by The Independent showed that there is still an appetite for for a physical, paper product. The Independent felt that a different type of newspaper was needed. One designed with the 21st century reader in mind. The Independent identified three potential types of readers: 
1) lapsed readers of qualities 
2) new newspaper readers 
3) people

8) What were the five key principles of the i?

1) High quality content 
2) Aesthetically pleasing design
3) Balanced comment/opinion
4) Manageable pagination
5) Affordable price

9) How was the newspaper launched?
There were 2 phases to the newspaper being launched. In phase One, This phase ran from 25th October 2010 to 15th January 2011 and began with a highly-focused national outdoor campaign to generate initial awareness coupled with a radio campaign on LBC. The Independent’s teams also visited 12,000 retail outlets as part of a London focused distribution drive. The launch was supported by press ads and vouchers/sampling in sister paper The Evening Standard and 60 tube stations and train stations nationwide.The ATL activity in Phase Two was designed to clearly spell out the benefits of the paper. Phase Two Phase two was designed to react to the findings of the research at the end of the initial stage of launch.


10) List three statistics quoted in the final section 'Achievements' to demonstrate the success of the i newspaper's launch.
"At the end of phase one, the title had a circulation of 60,000 and following the boost in activity during the second phase of the marketing campaign, the circulation rose to 167,944 by the end of February."


"Within three months of the paper’s launch a significant result had been achieved with retailers – on launch day the i was stocked in 37,000 retail outlets nationally. Three months later the number was 44,000 (equal to The Daily Mail) with 7,000 coming from independent retailers. These results were very much due to heavy engagement and relationship building with retailers."

"i has helped drive the market share of Independent Print from 11% December 2010 to 22% December 2011 NRS early estimates reveal 368,000 readers. 2.3 readers per copy and 73% ABC1 readers confirmed the i as a quality newspaper with a quality audience."




The i turns five


Read this collection of quotes and messages in the Independent to celebrate the i newspaper's fifth birthday. Answer the following questions:

1) Read Nick Clegg's message ("thoughtful, independent-minded and liberal (with a small 'l')...") What does this tell us about the values and ideologies behind the i newspaper?
Th message from Nick Cleggs tells us that the ideologies and values behind the i newspaper is that they like to excel and make their news and short to the point and don't want to make people bored. So it takes politics seriously and reports it well. It tries to give a balanced point of view. It is a newspaper that has survived well for 5 years even though a lot of newspaper companies are shutting down.


2) Why might one of the readers suggest that switching from the Daily Mail to the i has meant their "blood pressure has returned to normal"?
This is because the Daily Mail is very right wing and reports things from only one point of view. Also the way they report the news, it is like they chuck a whole lot of news at you in one go and you won't really understand what is going on in the story. Then people get pressurised because they want to do other things bu they want to catch up on the news but the news stories in the Daily Mail where they get there news from is to long. If you compare that to the i the articles are quite short and to the point so it doesn't put peoples blood pressure up to read all of it. Also, they give a balanced argument and different viewpoint about politics.   

3) Choose three other messages from readers. What do they suggest about the audience pleasures provided by the i newspaper - why do readers love it?

Boris Johnson: A success story in modern newspapers deserves a birthday drink.
David Cameron: I love i. It’s a good read and handy size. When I’m not cycling, it’s the perfect read from Finsbury Park to Westminster by train.
Gerry Pimm: Only just started reading i. Love it. Proper news, no junk like other papers.
The audience pleasures that the newspaper provides for the audience is personal identity, diversification surveillance. It is a paper that people learn things from.

4) Scroll down towards the bottom of the article. What are the campaigns that i have run since their launch in 2010?
iVote (ongoing)
Back to School (ongoing)
Homeless Veterans appeal (2014)
Elephant Appeal (2013)
Child Soldiers (2012)



5) What do these campaigns tell you about the values and ideologies behind the i newspaper? Do they also tell you something about the readership of the i?
Also it tells you that the values and ideologies of the i newspaper are different. They don't just focus on politics. They focus on things like helping the homeless, children getting in to the army, helping animals and doing projects, and helping young kids in their education.It tells you that the readership of i is scattered from young to old because it supports most age groups.  


6) What did the critics say when the paper was first launched? Why did many think the paper would fail?
The Independent has opted to create an additional brand aimed at increasing its overall market share and complementing its existing title. Except that won’t happen. For all the talk of a new brand for a new target segment, i is actually going to be produced by the same journalists that work on the current paper. The reality for The Independent is that it cannot afford to actually create and deliver a distinct product for this segment. And even if it could, this elusive target segment wouldn’t buy it anyway. Not only will i fail, it will leave The Independent in even worse shape. Like most companies launching a “sister brand” to alleviate poor sales, The Independent is about to learn that the last thing it needed was a new brand. At its launch last week, there was much debate about exactly what i actually stood for. Can I suggest irrelevant, ill-conceived and, ultimately, ill-fated.


7) Choose three quotes from the critics' reviews and discuss whether these viewpoints remain valid today.
The Independent lays an egg – but will i fly?
Can i crack the newspaper market?
i lives up to its name – it’s a digest of its big brother
I think that these points are not valid today because they have been proved wrong because the newspaper has been very successful and has survived.


8) Look at the bestselling front page stories from 2011-2015. What do these tell us about the i's values and ideologies - and what do we learn about i readers?
It tells you that the values and ideologies are good and they have a combination of them because the audience are appreciating different pages and it tells you that readers have different interests and people still read the rest of the paper.




Johnston Press background and research

Read this history of Johnston Press and the news of its impending break-up from veteran Guardian media correspondent Roy Greenslade.

1) How did the company begin?

The company had began Among the thousands of titles founded in towns and cities across Britain was the Falkirk Herald, which was soon acquired by a local printing business run by Archibald Johnston. He, and the two sons who followed him as head of the firm, were not moved to buy more titles. Owning a paper in one’s own area brought its own rewards. The Herald campaigned successfully for Falkirk to be granted municipal borough status, and the consequent creation of a more democratic and efficient political system benefited the whole community. From 1882, Archibald’s youngest son, Frederick, was the Herald’s publisher for 53 years. He gradually improved the paper’s status, its profitability and its circulation before founding an offshoot, the Linlithgow Gazette, to serve the neighbouring county.

2) What did Johnston Press do in the 1980s and 1990s?
Johnston Press in the 1980s and 1990s had decided to expand. Then, in 1962, Frederick Johnston III joined the business. Known to everyone as Freddy, he is as nice a man as you could ever hope to meet; modest, benevolent, polite to a fault, the very opposite of what people imagine makes a media titan. In his early years at the helm of Johnston Press, his running of the company reflected his personality.
He accepted that expansion was the way to go, but his financial advisers could see that his heart was not really in it, and he also lacked the know-how. They applauded his decision to float the company on the stock market in 1988, achieving an initial value of £22m. But City analysts, pumped up with forecasts about super-profits available from regional newspaper advertising revenue, thought the company should be achieving even more than its £65m valuation by 1994. It must grow bigger, and bigger.
3) List some of the regional newspapers owned by Johnston Press in its history (you may need to research this separately beyond Greenslade's article).
Arbroath Herald
Banbury Guardian
Batley & Birstall News
Bellshill Speaker
Berwick Advertiser
Biggleswade Chronicle
Blackpool Gazette
Bognor Regis Observer
Bridlington Free Press
Brighton & Hove Independent
Buckingham Advertiser
Bucks Herald
Burnley Express
Buxton Advertiser
Carrick Gazette
Chichester Observer
Chorley Guardian
Crawley Observer
Cumbernauld News
Daventry Express
Dewsbury Reporter
Diss Express
Dinnington Guardian
Doncaster Free Press
Edinburgh Evening News
Edinburgh Herald and Post
Eastbourne Herald
East Grinstead Gazette
Ellon Times

4) What happened to Johnston Press in the 2000s to the present day?
The Johnston Press in the 2000s to the present day have become huge and a lot of people have invested in the company and the deal with huge figures in terms of buying and selling newspapers in mega deals. A lot of many and debt and they couldn't really pay them because enough people weren't reading the paper. It was also disrupting the banking and financial crisis in 2008.

5) How does Greenslade see the future of Johnston Press - and what might happen to the i newspaper?
Greenslade thinks that Now, inevitably, the company will be broken up. Rival companies, themselves facing eventual extinction, will seek to prolong their lives by acquiring favoured pieces of the Johnston holdings. It is highly likely that some papers will vanish. What, for instance, will happen to Archibald Johnston’s Falkirk Herald? Business was so much less complex in his day, was it not? He thinks that the i newspaper will shut down and vanish like the other ones.





Johnston Press buys the i

Read this article from the website Hold The Front Page on the announcement of the Johnston Press purchase of the i newspaper - and the closure of the Independent. Answer the following questions:

1) How much did regional published Johnston Press buy the i for?
The regional published Johnston Press had bought the i for £24 million pounds which was part of a deal.

2) Who did Johnston Press buy the i from?
Johnston Press had bought the i from Evgeny Lebedev. He is a millionaire who is Russian and in charge of a company called ESI Media. 

3) What did the sale signal for the Independent newspaper?
The sale had signalled to the Independent Newspaper that they had to close down their print edition of
their newspaper.

4) What reasons were provided by Johnston Press CEO Ashley Highfield for buying the i?
The reasons that were provided by Johnston Press CEO Ashley Highfield for buying the i was because it will increase and represents a significant growth opportunity for Johnston Press in terms of national print and digital advertising revenue, also allow them to grow digital audiences and revenues through the creation of inews.co.uk and help promote their brand and other newspaper that JP own.


5) The comments below the article are overwhelmingly negative. Choose three comments and explain how they criticise Johnston Press and the purchase of the i newspaper.
One comment on this article is "So JP have bought something and at the same time killed something off. Wunderbar." They criticise the purchase buy saying that something has been bought and something else had to sacrifice for that to happen which was the Independent print version. Another comment is "Amazing…JP plead poverty, yet can find the money for this despite all of the cutbacks, redundancies, and lack of spending on hardware and software.". They are saying that JP are finding excuses to spend the money on resources for the company saying that they don't have enough and then go and spend it, by buying a newspaper. Final comment is Won’t this look great on Ashley’s CV when he strolls into some other super duper executive role? Meanwhile the jobs of countless journalists smoulder in his wake. Job done." This comment is saying that Ashley won't get a better job when people see that on his CV and he has ruined jobs for Journalists and all that rely's on his shoulders now.




inews.co.uk - the i newspaper website

Go to inews.co.uk and analyse the stories currently featured:

1) What are the top five stories? Are they examples of soft news or hard news?

The top five stories on the I news paper website now are: Ryan Air passenger in Racist rant appears on Good Morning Britain, Lord Peter Hain defends decision to out Sir Philip Green in Parliament, What Lord Peter Hain didn’t consider when he rushed to name Philip Green, 26-30 Railcard to go on sale across the UK year this year- how to get one and Universal Credit will cost some disabled claimants £300 a month. There is a combination of hard and soft news but a bit more hard news and lot to do with the government and politics.


2) How is the homepage designed? Do you see similarities with the print edition?
The homepage is designed in a user friendly way so that people can look at the news that they want to. It has sub-categories at the top so people read whatever types of news that they want to read. There are similarities with the print version such as all of the stories are presented in boxes which makes them look like a website. Most of the headlines are hard news. The logo is presented on the left hand side of the screen and on the homepage there social medias are advertised so that people can follow them.

3) Are there examples of ‘clickbait’? What are they?
There are examples of clickbait such as all the pictures are colourful and make people want to click on the article to see what the story is about. Also most of the articles that they post is about technology, nature and science and all those topics are quite clickbait. So, the pictures and the genre of the news story are the examples of the clickbait in the articles. 

4) To what extent do the stories you have found on inews.co.uk reflect the values and ideologies of the i newspaper?
The stories that I have found on the i newspaper website do reflect the valued and ideologies of the i newspaper because it has created a bite-size version of the Independent. It won't reach the level of the Independent but when reporting on political debates and big events it is very liberal and reports news in a very left wing way than newspapers like the Daily Mail.    


5) What similarities and differences are there between MailOnline and the i newspaper website?
The similarities between MailOnline and the i newspaper website is that they both represent their news in box format. The genres of stories they cover is quite big. They both have there social medias on their homepages so that people can follow them. The differences between them is that the MailOnline does a lot of soft news and a lot of celebrity gossip. There news stories also never stop, you keep scrolling down and you will find a news story. The headlines are also long telling you the whole story so that people don't have to read the whole article and keep scrolling down. The headline is chosen by the audience and the number of clicks on the story by the public. The i website is more hard news and well represented. The news headlines are short so you have to read the full article. 



Now read this Business Insider feature on the launch of the i newspaper website (which coincided with the purchase of the newspaper by Johnston Press). Answer the following questions:

1) The interview with Johnston Press CEO Ashley Highfield features the claim there will be "no clickbait". Does your analysis of inews.co.uk support this claim?
No it doesn't support this claim because the i website does still do a lot of clickbait stuff such as their pictures just make the audience just want to click on the article which will make them want to read it. Also most of the articles that they post is about technology, nature and science and all those topics are quite clickbait. So, the pictures and the genre of the news story are the examples of the clickbait in the articles. 

2) He states the website will "stick very closely to the brand values of the i". What are these?
The brand values of the i are: a quality, concise daily digest, updated continually but at any one moment, when you go to the site, the idea is the matrix will give you everything you need to know to be informed on the day. I think that possibly flows better to the zeitgeist than the acres of never-ending content."

3) How does he claim inews.co.uk will differ from online rival Buzzfeed?
He claim the i news website will differ from online rival Buzzfeed by saying that There will be no going after traffic for the sake of traffic. I think we will be very true to the paper and therefore create a clear proposition that we think does not exist in the UK: there is not a politically independent, concise, quality read online and I think that will find a market. He says they can't do what we do is do it on a local basis.

4) What audience does Highfield want the website to target?
He want the website to focus on a older audience. Highfield wants the i to focus on an older and more affluent audience. "It appears they are more loyal in print, but also because they tend not to ad block and they're the people with the money,

5) Why is the millennial audience less attractive?
The millennial audience is less attractive because Highfield thinks the obsession with millennials is starting to pale as they haven't got any money because they've all got student loans and because they all ad block.

Assessment LR

1) Type up your feedback in full (you don't need to write the mark and grade if you want to keep this confidential).

WWW: Good grasp of the issue

EBI: use of detailed grasps of the example
2) Read the whole mark scheme for this assessment carefully. Identify three potential points that you could have made in your Question 3 answer - the i newspaper standing for "quality, clarity and independence".


 I should of mentioned Respected and trusted newspaper brand, continuing the work of ‘parent’ paper the Independent which stated it would be “Free from party political bias, free from proprietorial influence”.

 Also the Successful on its own terms – providing a print product that has remarkably succeeded in the digital age since launch in 2010. It remains profitable now it is owned by Johnston Press(although it may be soon sold so this may jeopardise its mission statement).

Lastly the  Selection of news emphasises quality – largely hard news (politics, economics etc.)


3) Now use the mark scheme to identify three potential points that you could have made in your Question 4 answer - arguments against statutory regulation of the newspaper industry.

Newspapers must be free to pursue investigative journalism - Clay Shirky describes news as a 'social good' this is so vital to democracy.

the i already stands for 'quality, clarity and independence' - if it failing to do this, the pluralist media marketplace will see audiences go elsewhere. government regulation should not be needed 

Media industry must be able to supply news about the government and may not be suppressed by talking about the news.

4) Now use the mark scheme to identify three potential points that you could have made in your Question 5 answer - whether the pluralist model allows the newspaper industry to operate effectively.


Clay Shirky 'end of audience' and the rise of 'mass amateurisation' 

The newspapers are owned by super rich ownership and therefore are seen as investments that they wish to gain some revenue in return, controlled by elitist (Marxist)

The decline in quality threatens the future of the newspaper industry - in no way can the paper operate effectively.   

5) Finally, look over your mark, teacher comments and the mark scheme - plus your answers to the task above - to write a complete essay plan for Question 5. 


Pluralism: The way media as a platform is consumed by audiences and how they can become active due to the ease of this

Curran and Seaton= They both believed that media industries should follow a pluralist viewpoint and let the audience decide 'who is at the top'. The MailOnline can be used as an example of a media institution which follows this viewpoint. It's website's top stories are chosen by the amount of 'clicks' it generates. This method could cause harm to this industry as the rise in popularity of 'clickbait' and celebrity gossip renders the quality of journalism that is needed in order to provide the audience with reliable sources of information.

The decline in sales could be used as an example of the newspaper industry supporting the pluralist model. The newspaper industry is in decline however the Daily Mail still manages to get over 1 million sales which shows that the newspaper industry is working efficiently despite the drop in sales. 




Teen Vogue: background reading and textual analysis blog tasks

Teen Vogue: background reading

Read this Guardian feature from 2017 on Teen Vogue and answer the following questions.

1) What was the article that announced Teen Vogue as a more serious, political website – with 1.3m hits and counting?
The article about Donald Trump gas lighting America

2) When was the original Teen Vogue magazine launched and what was its original content?
Teen Vogue was originally launched in 2003, and its content included: fashion and celebrity gossip.

3) How did editor Elaine Welteroth change Teen Vogue’s approach in 2015?
Welteroth decided it was more appropriate for the modernday teenage audience to be informed about things like politics and moving forward in life, i.e. things like college. 

4) How many stories are published on Teen Vogue a day? What topics do they cover?
The team of editors will publish 50-70 stories a day. These will range from politics, to fashion, to lifestyle.

5) What influence did digital director Phillip Picardi have over the editorial direction?

6) What is Teen Vogue’s audience demographic and what does ‘woke’ refer to?
Teen Vogues demographic is ages 18-24 females, and the word "woke" refers to being socially conscious 

7) What issues are most important to Teen Vogue readers?

8) What does Tavi Gevinson suggest regarding the internet and ‘accountability culture’ with regards to modern audiences? Can you link this to our work on Clay Shirky?
Gevinson suggests that the internet has changed the way audiences react to things, which links to "End of an Audience" as it shows the audience of the modern cultures doing more than just reading/viewing the media product as they are now trying to make change with things that are perhaps wrong.

9) What social and political issues have been covered successfully by Teen Vogue?
"Trump Gaslighting America"-Trump telling lies to put himself in a better position for the vote.

10) What do Teen Vogue readers think of the magazine and website?
Teen Vogue reader love the website as at a womens parade the editor, Elaine Welteroth had seen a sign taying that "Teen Vogue will save us all," therefore this reader is clearly portraying her love for the website.

Teen Vogue textual analysis and example articles

Work through the following tasks to complete your textual analysis of the Teen Vogue website and read notable Teen Vogue articles to refer to in exam answers. 

Homepage analysis

Go to the Teen Vogue homepage and answer the following:

1) What website key conventions can you find on the Teen Vogue homepage?
Some key conventions i found were:

  • the menu icon
  • category bar along the top
  • logo
  • images
  • social media references
  • articles
  • click bait titles
  • continuous scrolling feeling
2) How does the page design encourage audience engagement?
The home page encourages audience interaction through social media, as well as through the titles which through the titles make it seem like the writer is talking to the audience, asking them a question of sorts and encouraging thoughts.

3) Where does advertising appear on the homepage?

4) What are the items in the top menu bar and what does this tell you about the content of Teen Vogue?

  • News and Politics
  • Fashion
  • Entertainment
  • Beauty
  • Lifestyle
  • Wellness
  • Homecoming
5) How far does the homepage scroll down? How many stories appear on the homepage in total?
The homepage goes as far as 5 different categories, all with different things to offer, the first being the editors pick of sorts, displaying a range of different important stories, the next being the trending subheading, showing relevant topics their target audience may be stereo typically interested in. After that we are met with more stories, displayed in a list format, some of which include ones from the top of the homepage. Next is the Teen Vogue 21 under 21, which portray successful young women.

Lifestyle section

Now analyse the Lifestyle section of Teen Vogue and answer the following:

1) What are the items in the top menu bar for the Lifestyle section?
  • Tech
  • Campus Life
  • Careers
  • Decorating Ideas
  • Food
2) How is the Lifestyle section designed to encouragement audience engagement? Think about page design, images, text and more.
The titles if the articles have quite a personal tone to them, allowing audiences to feel more enticed to click them, pretty much click bait titles. These make it seem as the reader is having a conversation with the writer of the article. In addition to this, the use if GIFs to evoke a sense of humor, one of which being Rachel from friends with a turkey on her head. Also, because this page is formatted in a list, it entices the readers to continue scrolling in a way.

3) What do you notice about the way headlines are written in Teen Vogue?



4) What does the focus on education, university and ‘campus life’ tell you about the Teen Vogue audience demographics and psychographics?

This tell us that Teen Vogues audience is on the older side of the spectrum of teenagers, meaning that it focuses on more mature topics, like politics, and preparing for university. In addition, this tells us that the psycographics of the Teen Vogue readers would be: Aspirers/Reformers as TV readers want to change the world, and aspirers because of the themes the website focuses on, like beauty and fashion.

5) Choose three stories featured in the Lifestyle section – why do they fit the Teen Vogue brand?
  • 7 Things you should do when applying to colleges - Teen Vogue readers are likley to be either in college or applying, therefore there is appeal straight away.
  • 3 Reasons the XR should be your next phone - TV readers may be interested in new technology, meaning that not only will they know about the Iphone XR, but may be considering buying a new phone, therefore this article 
  • Starbucks is selling a "Snowy Cheese Latte" - T.V readers may go to Starbucks and may therefore be interested in a new flavour coffee that they are bringing out

Five key articles

Read the following five notable Teen Vogue features then answer the questions below for EACH feature.


For each article:

Trump Gaslighting America:
1) Who is the writer and what is the article about?
Lauren Duca is the writer of this article and it is about Trump telling lies to america, so much so that he begins to really believe the lies that he is telling.

2) How does the article use narrative to engage the reader? Try and apply narrative theory here if possible.
This article uses narrative to portray the binary opposition between republicans and democrats, clearly portrayed simply through the writers viewpoints. Also, the Propp's character types, as Trump is clearly portrayed as the villain, and the writer as the hero/donor of sorts as she gives us useful information.

3) Why is this article significant?
This article is significant because it was the first of many articles that put Teen Vogue into the limelight for being a mature magazine/website aimed at young people, that talked about political issues, such as Trump etc.

4) How does this article reflect the values and ideologies of the modern Teen Vogue?
This article reflects the values of a modern day Teen Vogue due to the fact that it clearly has left wing ideologies, as it villainizes Trump and debunks a lot of the lies that he has told.

The New Face Of Teen Activism
1) Who is the writer and what is the article about?

Alexis Manrodt is the writer of this article and it is about activism online and how it can be more impactful than initially thought out to be.
2) How does the article use narrative to engage the reader? Try and apply narrative theory here if possible.
This article portrays the internet as the donor to the people who are using it, this is due to the fact that the writer says that the internet provided a safe place for people to have open discussions and talk about feminist issues.

3) Why is this article significant?


4) How does this article reflect the values and ideologies of the modern Teen Vogue?

This reflects the ideologies of Teen Vogue due to the fact that it is has feminist qualities and can be said to be quite gender fluid therefore supporting the LGBTQ community

Black Teens have been fighting for gun reform for years
1) Who is the writer and what is the article about?
Lincoln Anthony Blades is the writer of this article and it is about black teenagers, that were in some way or another affected by the Parkland Shooting in Florida nearly a year ago, and how they have been against societies like the NRA in trying to limit gun control.

2) How does the article use narrative to engage the reader? Try and apply narrative theory here if possible.
This article uses narrative to portray the people fighting as underdogs of sorts as they try fight for what they believe in, meaning that they know the journey to tighter gun laws will be tough but they are willing to take it in order to change the world.
3) Why is this article significant?
This article is significant due to the fact that it features names like Oprah Winfrey supporting the cause of the teenagers as well as the Clooneys, who also donated money in support of these teens.

4) How does this article reflect the values and ideologies of the modern Teen Vogue?
This article reflects the left wing ideologies of Teen Vogue clearly, in that the democratic view on gun control is that it should be put in place, in more of an extent.

Netflix and Strong Female Leads
1) Who is the writer and what is the article about?
De Elizabeth is the writer of this article and it talks about female stars that are in Netflix originals.

2) How does the article use narrative to engage the reader? Try and apply narrative theory here if possible.
It is clear that the women featured in this article are portrayed as the heroes as they are all central protagonists in the article, as well as in their respected series.

3) Why is this article significant?
This article is significant as perhaps 40 years ago we wouldn't be seeing as many strong female leads in mainstream media, now there is thousands, some of which being highlighted in this article.

4) How does this article reflect the values and ideologies of the modern Teen Vogue?

This article strongly reflects the strong feminist view of Teen Vogue, as being a woman is celebrated through the article talking about these successful women.

Clay Shirky End of Audience: Blog Task


Media Magazine reading
Media Magazine 55 has an overview of technology journalist Bill Thompson’s conference presentation on ‘What has the internet ever done for me?’ It’s an excel  November 25, 2018
Media Magazine reading
Media Magazine 55 has an overview of technology journalist Bill Thompson’s conference presentation on ‘What has the internet ever done for me?’ It’s an excel November 25, 2018
Media Magazine reading

Media Magazine 55 has an overview of technology journalist Bill Thompson’s conference presentation on ‘What has the internet ever done for me?’ It’s an excellent summary of the internet’s brief history and its impact on society. Go to our Media Magazine archive, click on MM55 and scroll to page 13 to read the article ‘What has the internet ever done for me?’ Answer the following questions:

1) Looking over the article as a whole, what are some of the positive developments due to the internet highlighted by Bill Thompson?

The article talks about how the internet has allowed for innovation such as the email and the web. It also allows for people to communicate with each other easier allowing for freedom of speech to everyone. 
2) What are the negatives or dangers linked to the development of the internet?

Being able to stop spam, abuse. Other extremists use the internet as a way to recruit more members to join them.

3) What does ‘open technology’ refer to? Do you agree with the idea of ‘open technology’?

The idea of encouraging a diverse online culture that allows all voices to be heard. I agree with the idea of open technology as it gives people the opportunity of 'freedom of speech'. However government action and restriction can be taken in order to stop or prevent harm such as extremist groups.

4) Bill Thompson outlines some of the challenges and questions for the future of the internet. What are they?


  •  Does open technology mean that free software can be used, changed and redistributed without payment or permission?
  • Does this mean that the internet allows computers to exchange data, even though the network doesn't actually understand the meaning of what is being exchanged?

5) Where do you stand on the use and regulation of the internet? Should there be more control or more openness? Why?

I think that regulation of the internet right now has a good balance. Users are still able to access websites freely and able to express their opinions with freedom of speech. The control that there is now makes sure that businesses and people are protected by guidelines, such as fraud and abuse which can be taken down if necessary. 

Clay Shirky: Here Comes Everybody

Clay Shirky’s book Here Comes Everybody charts the way social media and connectivity is changing the world. Read Chapter 3 of his book, ‘Everyone is a media outlet’, and answer the following questions:

1) How does Shirky define a ‘profession’ and why does it apply to the traditional newspaper industry?

A profession is something that exists to solve a hard problem - typically one that requires some form of specialization. (For example a race car driver requires specialized training in order to ensure that he/she can drive the car safely and at speed).

In the newspaper industry, this idea of professionalism can be applied to the concept of having a "good journalist." Journalists traditionally needed to be trained in order to know how to seek out newsworthy stories, and how to do so quickly.

2) What is the question facing the newspaper industry now the internet has created a “new ecosystem”?

Problems of production and distribution are much less serious, therefore the media is less and less in the hands of professionals. This sparks the question of how society will be informed about the news of the day. 

3) Why did Trent Lott’s speech in 2002 become news?

His apology made the story relevant - the first couple of days it got very little coverage and as the days went on it became less fresh and therefore was less relevant. 

4) What is ‘mass amateurisation’?

The growth in the amount of self-published content found on the internet. The idea of everyone being able to produce and publish content as well as consume it.

5) Shirky suggests that: “The same idea, published in dozens or hundreds of places, can have an amplifying effect that outweighs the verdict from the smaller number of professional outlets.” How can this be linked to the current media landscape and particularly ‘fake news’?

Publishers can write stories from a different angle of the story and publish it and people would think it is a reliable source of news. Circulation of this news story would increase as more people click on it and share it, causing more people to be mislead by false information.

6) What does Shirky suggest about the social effects of technological change? Does this mean we are currently in the midst of the internet “revolution” or “chaos” Shirky mentions?

He states that there is a time lag between the transitions and there is normally a long period of chaos between the transitions which we are most likely in at the moment before we move on from this.

7) Shirky says that “anyone can be a publisher… [and] anyone can be a journalist”. What does this mean and why is it important?

The internet has allowed anyone to publish information and declare themselves a journalist. The journalist privilege of not revealing sources was tied to traditional forms of media before the internet and to scare amount of people who were traditional professionals. But now the meaning of a journalist needs to be changed as some bloggers used to work for traditional outlets and still have sources. It's important to recognize who can have the rights of journalistic privilege, while still not alienating those who have an audience online.

8) What does Shirky suggest regarding the hundred years following the printing press revolution? Is there any evidence of this “intellectual and political chaos” in recent global events following the internet revolution?


The world was in a period of intellectual and political chaos and broke more things than it fixed. Right now 'fake news' had dominated the internet and the misinformation of readers has led to a change of opinions on news stories that would have been different if it were covered by newspapers. 

9) Why is photography a good example of ‘mass amateurisation’?

Digital cameras and phones have changed the industry with anyone being able to produce content and publish it anywhere, threatening professionals.

10) What do you think of Shirky’s ideas on the ‘End of audience’? Is this era of ‘mass amateurisation’ a positive thing? Or are we in a period of “intellectual and political chaos” where things are more broken than fixed? 

I think that this era of 'mass amateurisation' is positive as the digital age has given more people the chance to become 'citizen journalists'. Just by having a phone and recording an event it can be circulated through social media and end up as a news source. It has also given another platform where freedom of speech can be applied and a place where people can come and discuss current events.