1) What definitions are offered by the factsheet for ‘feminism ‘and ‘patriarchy’?
Feminism is focused on highlighting the power and suppressive nature of the patriarchy.
Intersectionality is used to describe overlapping or intersecting social identities and related systems of oppression, domination or discrimination.
Patriarchy is male dominance over society in this situation, and feminists see this as a limitation to women receiving the same treatment and benefits as their male counterparts.
2) Why did bell hooks publish her 1984 book ‘Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center’?
She had published her book due to a lack of diversity within the female movement and argued that these diverse voices had been marginalized, being outside the main body of feminism.
3) What aspects of feminism and oppression are the focus for a lot of bell hooks' work?
She challenged feminists to focus on gender's relations to sex, race, class, and intersectionality. She argues that male inclusion within the movement is vital and encourages men to do their part.
4) What is intersectionality and what do hooks argue regarding this?
Intersectionality is used to describe overlapping or intersecting social identities and related systems of oppression, domination or discrimination.
5) What did Liesbet van Zoonen conclude regarding the relationship between gender roles and the mass media?
She concludes that there is a strong relationship between gender and communication. She believes the mass media has so much power in the media world that they influence and cause gender differentiation.
6) Liesbet van Zoonen sees gender as socially constructed. What does this mean and which other media theorist we have studied does this link to?
Judith Butler believes that gender is a construct. The belief of this stems from the media and advertising planting the idea in peoples minds that certain genders like a certain type of color or product. Gender is seen as always changing and can adapt in different ways.
7) How do feminists view women’s lifestyle magazines in different ways? Which view do you agree with?
Some women argue that women's magazines are commercial devices that exaggerate the appeal of women and their femininity. They believe that these unachievable bodies drive down self-esteem. The argument is that women believe is that magazines tell them 'how to be the perfect mother, lover, wife, homemaker, glamour accessory, secretary- whatever suits the needs of the system'.
8) In looking at the history of the colors pink and blue, van Zoonen suggests ideas gender ideas can evolve over time. Which another media theorist we have studied argues this and do you agree that gender roles are in a process of constant change? Can you suggest examples to support your view?
Colors suggest what gender a child is and a child is shown from birth what type of color they must like such as pink being female and blue being male. The idea of gender changing is very complex but I believe that it can change as the ideas fo this has changed as the rise of feminism has come to be.
9) What are the five aspects van Zoonen suggests are significant in determining the influence of the media?
10) What other media theorist can be linked to van Zoonen’s readings of the media?
Stuart Hall's reception theory
11) Van Zoonen discusses ‘transmission models of communication’. She suggests women are oppressed by the dominant culture and therefore take in representations that do not reflect their view of the world. What other theory and idea (that we have studied recently) can this be linked to?
One idea that this can be linked to is women in video games as between the beginning of the video game culture till the recent 2000's women have been shown to be a sex object or prize that men must achieve to help rescue or help. Games that featured women still had minimal clothing such as Lara Croft, Aloy, and most Street Fighter characters. Women in video games recently have seen a rise in popularity with leading protagonists such as Ellie from the Last of Us and Chloe Frazer and Nadine Ross in the Uncharted series.
12) Finally, van Zoonen has built on the work of bell hooks by exploring power and feminism. She suggests that power is not a binary male/female issue but reflects the “multiplicity of relations of subordination”. How does this link to bell hooks views on feminism and intersectionality?
Feminism is focused on highlighting the power and suppressive nature of the patriarchy.
Intersectionality is used to describe overlapping or intersecting social identities and related systems of oppression, domination or discrimination.
Patriarchy is male dominance over society in this situation, and feminists see this as a limitation to women receiving the same treatment and benefits as their male counterparts.
2) Why did bell hooks publish her 1984 book ‘Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center’?
She had published her book due to a lack of diversity within the female movement and argued that these diverse voices had been marginalized, being outside the main body of feminism.
3) What aspects of feminism and oppression are the focus for a lot of bell hooks' work?
She challenged feminists to focus on gender's relations to sex, race, class, and intersectionality. She argues that male inclusion within the movement is vital and encourages men to do their part.
4) What is intersectionality and what do hooks argue regarding this?
Intersectionality is used to describe overlapping or intersecting social identities and related systems of oppression, domination or discrimination.
bell argues that experiences of class, gender, sexuality cannot be completely understood if the influences of racialization are not considered. hooks argue that understanding this is vital to gaining political and social equality.
She concludes that there is a strong relationship between gender and communication. She believes the mass media has so much power in the media world that they influence and cause gender differentiation.
6) Liesbet van Zoonen sees gender as socially constructed. What does this mean and which other media theorist we have studied does this link to?
Judith Butler believes that gender is a construct. The belief of this stems from the media and advertising planting the idea in peoples minds that certain genders like a certain type of color or product. Gender is seen as always changing and can adapt in different ways.
7) How do feminists view women’s lifestyle magazines in different ways? Which view do you agree with?
Some women argue that women's magazines are commercial devices that exaggerate the appeal of women and their femininity. They believe that these unachievable bodies drive down self-esteem. The argument is that women believe is that magazines tell them 'how to be the perfect mother, lover, wife, homemaker, glamour accessory, secretary- whatever suits the needs of the system'.
8) In looking at the history of the colors pink and blue, van Zoonen suggests ideas gender ideas can evolve over time. Which another media theorist we have studied argues this and do you agree that gender roles are in a process of constant change? Can you suggest examples to support your view?
Colors suggest what gender a child is and a child is shown from birth what type of color they must like such as pink being female and blue being male. The idea of gender changing is very complex but I believe that it can change as the ideas fo this has changed as the rise of feminism has come to be.
9) What are the five aspects van Zoonen suggests are significant in determining the influence of the media?
Van Zoonen argues that the influence of the media is dependent on:
• Whether the institution is commercial or public
• The platform upon which they operate (print versus digital media)• Genre (drama versus news)
• Target audiences
• The place the media text holds within the audiences’ daily lives
• Whether the institution is commercial or public
• The platform upon which they operate (print versus digital media)• Genre (drama versus news)
• Target audiences
• The place the media text holds within the audiences’ daily lives
Stuart Hall's reception theory
11) Van Zoonen discusses ‘transmission models of communication’. She suggests women are oppressed by the dominant culture and therefore take in representations that do not reflect their view of the world. What other theory and idea (that we have studied recently) can this be linked to?
One idea that this can be linked to is women in video games as between the beginning of the video game culture till the recent 2000's women have been shown to be a sex object or prize that men must achieve to help rescue or help. Games that featured women still had minimal clothing such as Lara Croft, Aloy, and most Street Fighter characters. Women in video games recently have seen a rise in popularity with leading protagonists such as Ellie from the Last of Us and Chloe Frazer and Nadine Ross in the Uncharted series.
12) Finally, van Zoonen has built on the work of bell hooks by exploring power and feminism. She suggests that power is not a binary male/female issue but reflects the “multiplicity of relations of subordination”. How does this link to bell hooks views on feminism and intersectionality?
Van Zoonen considers power as a key element of feminist thought and suggests that it is used or is evident in the following ways:
- As a non-issue when it is emphasized that women are a disadvantaged, minority group that needs equality and rights more than they need
power. - Something an individual possesses, for example, the power to criticize men or a group of men for the power they have over women.
- As an offspring of material conditions, when economic power relations of capitalism are named as the cause of women’s oppression.
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