Yes i do play video games and i would like to say that i am not violent in real life cause i can tell what is reality and imagination. I do see products on the internet and do sometimes buy them. Yes there was a documentation about drugs and for me made me realize a serious issue.
2) What are the four categories for different effects theories?
Direct effect theories
Diffusion theories
Indirect effect theories
The pluralist approach
3) What are the examples provided for the hypodermic needle theory - where media texts have been blamed for certain events?
Marilyn Manson: He was blamed for the incident of Columbine High School shootings
Child’s Play – The movie was blamed for the murder of Jamie Bulger
Natural Born Killers – blamed for murders committed by
romantically linked couples. "in one case, the director was sued
for inciting violence although the court case was later dismissed"
4) What was the 1999 Columbine massacre? You may need to research this online in addition to the information on the factsheet.
On April 20, 1999, two teen students went on a shooting spree at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colarado, killing 13 people and injuring over 20 before shooting themselves. This was the worst high school shooting in US history which encouraged a national debate on gun control, followed by a major investigation on the gunmen's motivation. People understood that they were bullied, and part of a group of social outcasts that had an interest in goth culture, particularly Marilyn Manson which was why he was blamed by a majority of people.
5) What are the reasons listed on the factsheet to possibly explain the Columbine High School massacre?
It is easy for authorities to scapegoat a certain action or person when something happens instead of looking at complex reasons as to why these things happen.
6) What does Gerbner's Cultivation theory suggest?
7) How does this front page of the Daily Mail (from this week - Wednesday 16 November) link to Cultivation theory? The Mail Online version of the story is here.
This cover reinforces that young children should not use or be allowed by parents or guardians to use technology over excessively, This links to cultivation theory as it adopts the idea that society has become immune to this idea and the problems that come with it.
8) What does the factsheet suggest about action films and the values and ideologies that are reinforced with regards to violence?
This theory acknowledges that we often access media texts with others or, if alone, we may well talk about our media experiences with our friends and family later. One argument is that these kinds of conversations have more influence on potential behavior than the media text itself. A theory that springs from this idea are called the two-step theory which says that, whatever our experience of the media, we are likely to discuss it with others. If we respect their opinion (the theory calls these people opinion leaders), the chances are that we may be affected by the opinion leaders’ responses as well as by the text
9) What criticisms of direct effect theories are suggested in the factsheet ?
The theory is generalized to the mass audience and the individual audience isn't accounted for.
10) Why might the 1970s sitcom Love Thy Neighbour be considered so controversial today? What does this tell us about Reception theory and how audiences create meanings?
It uses racist humour. This wasn't much of a problem in the '70s but today it wouldn't be seen as appropriate.
11) What examples are provided for Hall's theory of preferred, negotiated and oppositional readings?
a negotiated reading o a broad acceptance of the intended meaning but with some personal modification • an oppositional reading o an understanding of the intended meaning but a rejection of it in favour of one created by the individual.The examples are the sun and the guardian.
12) Which audience theory do you think is most convincing?
Why? It is important that you develop critical autonomy in judging the arguments for and against different theories and form your own opinion on these issues.
I think the most the most convincing theory is Hall's reception theory of dominant, negotiated and opposition readings as it addresses the different ways people could read a text as well as how it is actually perceived and what it suggests or reinforces. Also it doesn't not focus on one reading.
Diffusion theories
Indirect effect theories
The pluralist approach
3) What are the examples provided for the hypodermic needle theory - where media texts have been blamed for certain events?
Marilyn Manson: He was blamed for the incident of Columbine High School shootings
Child’s Play – The movie was blamed for the murder of Jamie Bulger
Natural Born Killers – blamed for murders committed by
romantically linked couples. "in one case, the director was sued
for inciting violence although the court case was later dismissed"
4) What was the 1999 Columbine massacre? You may need to research this online in addition to the information on the factsheet.
On April 20, 1999, two teen students went on a shooting spree at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colarado, killing 13 people and injuring over 20 before shooting themselves. This was the worst high school shooting in US history which encouraged a national debate on gun control, followed by a major investigation on the gunmen's motivation. People understood that they were bullied, and part of a group of social outcasts that had an interest in goth culture, particularly Marilyn Manson which was why he was blamed by a majority of people.
5) What are the reasons listed on the factsheet to possibly explain the Columbine High School massacre?
It is easy for authorities to scapegoat a certain action or person when something happens instead of looking at complex reasons as to why these things happen.
6) What does Gerbner's Cultivation theory suggest?
Gerbner researched whether watching tv influences the audiences ideas and perception of everyday life. His theory suggests that tv viewing can have a long term, gradual but significant effects on the audiences attitudes and beliefs. Cultivation theory states that high frequency viewers of television are more susceptible to media messages and the belief that they are real and valid.Heavy viewers are exposed to more violence and therefore are affected by the Mean World Syndrome, the belief that the world is a far worse and dangerous place than it actually is; heavy viewing of tv is creating a homogeneous and fearful populace.
7) How does this front page of the Daily Mail (from this week - Wednesday 16 November) link to Cultivation theory? The Mail Online version of the story is here.
This cover reinforces that young children should not use or be allowed by parents or guardians to use technology over excessively, This links to cultivation theory as it adopts the idea that society has become immune to this idea and the problems that come with it.
8) What does the factsheet suggest about action films and the values and ideologies that are reinforced with regards to violence?
This theory acknowledges that we often access media texts with others or, if alone, we may well talk about our media experiences with our friends and family later. One argument is that these kinds of conversations have more influence on potential behavior than the media text itself. A theory that springs from this idea are called the two-step theory which says that, whatever our experience of the media, we are likely to discuss it with others. If we respect their opinion (the theory calls these people opinion leaders), the chances are that we may be affected by the opinion leaders’ responses as well as by the text
9) What criticisms of direct effect theories are suggested in the factsheet ?
The theory is generalized to the mass audience and the individual audience isn't accounted for.
10) Why might the 1970s sitcom Love Thy Neighbour be considered so controversial today? What does this tell us about Reception theory and how audiences create meanings?
It uses racist humour. This wasn't much of a problem in the '70s but today it wouldn't be seen as appropriate.
11) What examples are provided for Hall's theory of preferred, negotiated and oppositional readings?
a negotiated reading o a broad acceptance of the intended meaning but with some personal modification • an oppositional reading o an understanding of the intended meaning but a rejection of it in favour of one created by the individual.The examples are the sun and the guardian.
12) Which audience theory do you think is most convincing?
Why? It is important that you develop critical autonomy in judging the arguments for and against different theories and form your own opinion on these issues.
I think the most the most convincing theory is Hall's reception theory of dominant, negotiated and opposition readings as it addresses the different ways people could read a text as well as how it is actually perceived and what it suggests or reinforces. Also it doesn't not focus on one reading.
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