Audience theory the effects debate

1) Complete the questions in the first activity box (beginning with 'Do you play violent games? Are you violent in real life?')

Yes i do play video games and i would like to say that i am not violent in real life cause i can tell what is reality and imagination. I do see products on the internet and do sometimes buy them. Yes there was a documentation about drugs and for me made me realize a serious issue.
2) What are the four categories for different effects theories?

Direct effect theories
Diffusion theories
Indirect effect theories
The pluralist approach
3) What are the examples provided for the hypodermic needle theory - where media texts have been blamed for certain events? 

Marilyn Manson: He was blamed for the incident of Columbine High School shootings
Child’s Play – The movie was blamed for the murder of Jamie Bulger
Natural Born Killers – blamed for murders committed by
romantically linked couples. "in one case, the director was sued
for inciting violence although the court case was later dismissed"
4) What was the 1999 Columbine massacre? You may need to research this online in addition to the information on the factsheet.

On April 20, 1999, two teen students went on a shooting spree at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colarado, killing 13 people and injuring over 20 before shooting themselves. This was the worst high school shooting in US history which encouraged a national debate on gun control, followed by a major investigation on the gunmen's motivation. People understood that they were bullied, and part of a group of social outcasts that had an interest in goth culture, particularly Marilyn Manson which was why he was blamed by a majority of people.

5) What are the reasons listed on the factsheet to possibly explain the Columbine High School massacre?

It is easy for authorities to scapegoat a certain action or person when something happens instead of looking at complex reasons as to why these things happen.

6) What does Gerbner's Cultivation theory suggest?

Gerbner researched whether watching tv influences the audiences ideas and perception of everyday life. His theory suggests that tv viewing can have a long term, gradual but significant effects on the audiences attitudes and beliefs. Cultivation theory states that high frequency viewers of television are more susceptible to media messages and the belief that they are real and valid.Heavy viewers are exposed to more violence and therefore are affected by the Mean World Syndrome, the belief that the world is a far worse and dangerous place than it actually is; heavy viewing of tv is creating a homogeneous and fearful populace.

7) How does this front page of the Daily Mail (from this week - Wednesday 16 November) link to Cultivation theory? The Mail Online version of the story is here.

This cover reinforces that young children should not use or be allowed by parents or guardians to use technology over excessively, This links to cultivation theory as it adopts the idea that society has become immune to this idea and the problems that come with it.


8) What does the factsheet suggest about action films and the values and ideologies that are reinforced with regards to violence?

This theory acknowledges that we often access media texts with others or, if alone, we may well talk about our media experiences with our friends and family later. One argument is that these kinds of conversations have more influence on potential behavior than the media text itself. A theory that springs from this idea are called the two-step theory which says that, whatever our experience of the media, we are likely to discuss it with others. If we respect their opinion (the theory calls these people opinion leaders), the chances are that we may be affected by the opinion leaders’ responses as well as by the text

9) What criticisms of direct effect theories are suggested in the factsheet ?

The theory is generalized to the mass audience and the individual audience isn't accounted for.
10) Why might the 1970s sitcom Love Thy Neighbour be considered so controversial today? What does this tell us about Reception theory and how audiences create meanings?

It uses racist humour. This wasn't much of a problem in the '70s but today it wouldn't be seen as appropriate.
11) What examples are provided for Hall's theory of preferred, negotiated and oppositional readings?

a negotiated reading o a broad acceptance of the intended meaning but with some personal modification • an oppositional reading o an understanding of the intended meaning but a rejection of it in favour of one created by the individual.The examples are the sun and the guardian.

12) Which audience theory do you think is most convincing? 
Why? It is important that you develop critical autonomy in judging the arguments for and against different theories and form your own opinion on these issues.

I think the most the most convincing theory is Hall's reception theory of dominant, negotiated and opposition readings as it addresses the different ways people could read a text as well as how it is actually perceived and what it suggests or reinforces. Also it doesn't not focus on one reading.

Audience theory 2

1) Social learning theory has been criticised for simplifying the causes of violence in society. Do you think the media is responsible for anti-social behaviour and violence?

Firstly, I agree that social media has an affect on peoples violence and anti-social behavior this is due to the fact due to recent stats people who play video games are a lot more violent in compared to the people that did not.

2) How is social learning theory relevant in the digital age? Are young people now learning behavior from social media and the internet? Give examples.

Social learning theory is Albert Bandura’s social learning theory came from an influential psychology study involving a bobo doll and children’s behavior after observing violent acts. And after the act of watching the violence the kids then attacked the bobo doll.

3) Research five examples of moral panic from the last 50 years. To what extent was the media responsible for these moral panics? Was the concern in society justified? How have things changed as a result of these moral panics?

Pray for Paris
The Manchester bombings
London Bridge terror

Barcelona terror attack: Pictures from the scene 

Oct. 31, 2017: Truck rams into cyclists, pedestrians in New York City

All of these are terrorist attacks and recent which was not justified why they did it an since then i think some country's came together to help each other for example the pray for Paris

4) Read this introduction to an academic paper on technopanics. What examples are given of techno panics that create fear in society?

Several examples of fear appeal arguments will be offered with a particular focus on online child safety, digital privacy, and cyber security.

5) How does the author suggest that technopanics should be addressed - rather than through government regulation?

It says in the article If steps must be taken to address these concerns, education- and empowerment-based solutions represent superior approaches to dealing with them compared to a precautionary principle approach, which would limit beneficial learning opportunities and retard technological progress.

6) Do you think the internet should be regulated? Should the government try and control what we can access online?

Personally no as i think everyone is allowed to their own freedom and should feel protected and have their own privacy. But there is some sick people in the world so some things should be make sure that no one can view it.


7) Apply Gerbner's cultivation theory to new and digital media. Is the internet creating a fearful population? Are we becoming desensitised to online threats, trolling and abuse?

I agree with this as people on the internet say a lot of horrible things but latly as life goes on people start to get over them and not care as much as it is all been said before. But to go against this is that some people take their lives because of cyber bullying.


8) Is heavy internet use something we should be worried about in society? How would you define 'heavy internet use'?

Heavy internet use would be defined by spending days apon days sat at home only using social media which is unhealthy for a person as because they dont leave their house to do physical activity and so on which would lead to obesity.

Exam learner response

2. for Question one i missed out on Excellent analysis of the product that is detailed and critically engages with the nuanced aspects of how narrative is suggested in the film poster. For question two i did not include Frequent appropriate use of subject specific terminology throughout. Moreover for question three i missed out on Excellent knowledge and understanding of the influences of genre on media audiences and industries that is consistently supported by highly appropriate and effective examples. Lastly for question 4 i needed to add Excellent and accurate understanding of the theoretical framework that is demonstrated by consistently appropriate and detailed consideration of reception theory and Excellent and judicious use of the theoretical framework. In order to gain more marks.

3. For question one i did not talk about the equilibrium too much or at all which means i lost more marks. Question two i did not go into detail on how and what is meant from what i picked out. Question three i talked about why genre is important but i did not mention what it is. Lastly for question four i did not use halls reception theory as much.

4. I did not get a media theory wrong but i need to make sure i focus a lot more on Halls reception theory as i am less notified on it and did not talk about it as much.

5. I did the strongest on question 4 as i clearly highlighted the different readings of the audience of each figure.

6. Question one as i did not talk much about the theorist Todorov enough.

psychographics presentation

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XFuscazp0NCymWSkuqQBZ09d-lqvEltA/view

My psychographics : I think that my psychographics is aspirers. This is due to the fact that i would like the latest and expensive clothing that comes out and i'm always wanted to follow trends. This is evident when i spent 200 on shoes that is popular.